New Entry by Paolo Mancosu on July 2, 2009.] The essay begins with a taxonomy of the major contexts in which the notion of 'style' in mathematics has been appealed to since the early twentieth century. These include the use

Revised entry by Marian David on July 2, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] Narrowly speaking, the correspondence theory of truth is the view that truth is correspondence to a fact - a view that was advocated by Russell and

New Entry by Erik Curiel and Peter Bokulich on June 29, 2009.] A spacetime singularity is a breakdown in the geometrical structure of space and time. It is a topic of ongoing physical and philosophical research to clarify both the

Revised entry by Alison McIntyre on June 29, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] The doctrine (or principle) of double effect is often invoked to explain the permissibility of an action that causes a serious harm, such as the death

was one of the most important philosophers of the latter half of the twentieth century and with a reception and influence that, of American philosophers, is perhaps matched only by that of W. V. O. Quine. Davidson's ideas, presented in

Revised entry by Edward Slowik on June 27, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] While Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650) is well-known as one of the founders of modern philosophy, his influential role in the development of modern physics has

Revised entry by Jean De Groot on June 27, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] Chauncey Wright was an American philosopher of science of the second half of the nineteenth century and an early proponent of Darwinism in the

New Entry by Jean-Philippe Deranty on June 26, 2009.] Many of the philosophers commonly described as "existentialist" have made original and decisive contributions to aesthetic thinking. In most cases, a substantial involvement in artistic practice (as novelists, playwrights or musicians)

Revised entry by Paul Vincent Spade and Stephen Read on June 26, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, Internet resources, notes.html] The medieval name for paradoxes like the famous Liar Paradox ("This proposition is false") was "insolubles" or insolubilia.[1] From

1895 - 1973) was a leader of the so-called "Frankfurt School," a group of philosophers and social scientists associated with the Institut fur Sozialforschung (Institute of Social Research) in Frankfurt am Main. Horkheimer was the director of the Institute and

Revised entry by Robert M. Gordon on June 22, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] The simulation (or, "mental simulation") theory (ST) is a theory of everyday human psychological competence: that is, of the skills and resources people routinely call

Revised entry by Paul Pietroski on June 22, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] Some inferences are impeccable. Examples like (1 - 3) illustrate reasoning that cannot lead from true premises to false conclusions....

Revised entry by Bernard Linsky on June 19, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] Principia Mathematica by A.N. Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, published 1910-1913 in three volumes by Cambridge University Press, contains a derivation of large portions of mathematics using

New Entry by Kathrin Glüer and Åsa Wikforss on June 17, 2009.] There is a long tradition of thinking of language as conventional in its nature, dating back at least to Aristotle (De Interpretatione). By appealing to the role of

Revised entry by Abner Shimony on June 11, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] Bell's Theorem is the collective name for a family of results, all showing the impossibility of a Local Realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. There are

Revised entry by J. McKenzie Alexander on June 9, 2009. Changes to: Main text, WC-WbarOWbar.jpg, ppc.jpg] Evolutionary game theory originated as an application of the mathematical theory of games to biological contexts, arising from the realization that frequency dependent fitness

Revised entry by Lawrence Sklar on June 4, 2009. Changes to: Main text] Statistical mechanics was the first foundational physical theory in which probabilistic concepts and probabilistic explanation played a fundamental role. For the philosopher it provides a crucial test

is the decisive figure in the development of twentieth century hermeneutics - almost certainly eclipsing, in terms of influence and reputation, the other leading figures, including Paul Ricoeur, and also Gianni Vattimo (Vattimo was himself one of Gadamer's students). Trained

Revised entry by Michael Pritchard on June 8, 2009. Changes to: Bibliography] In the United States, philosophy typically makes its formal entry into the curriculum at the college level. A growing number of high schools offer some introduction to philosophy,

New Entry by Sajjad Rizvi on June 9, 2009.] Sadr al-Din Muhammad b. Ibrahim b. Yahya Qawami Shirazi (ca. 1571 - 1636) is arguably the most significant Islamic philosopher after Avicenna. Best known as Mulla Sadra, he was later given