Revised entry by Martine Nida-Rümelin on November 23, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] The knowledge argument aims to establish that conscious experience involves non-physical properties. It rests on the idea that someone who has complete physical knowledge about another

ming jia) is the traditional Chinese label for a diverse group of Warring States (479-221 B.C.) thinkers who shared an interest in language, disputation, and metaphysics. They were notorious for logic-chopping, purportedly idle conceptual puzzles, and paradoxes such as "Today

Revised entry by Alec Hyslop on November 23, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] The problem of other minds is the problem of how to justify the almost universal belief that others have minds very like our own. It is

Revised entry by Murray Shanahan on November 22, 2009. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography] To most AI researchers, the frame problem is the challenge of representing the effects of action in logic without having to represent explicitly a large number